What to watch for: Key moments taking place in Pope Leo XIV’s inaugural Mass

 

Vatican City, May 17, 2025 / 09:00 am (CNA).

The Mass for the inauguration of Pope Leo XIV’s pontificate will be celebrated on Sunday, May 18, at 10 a.m. Rome time in St. Peter’s Square, a liturgical event that will mark the official beginning of his ministry as successor of Peter and bishop of Rome.

The following is a review of the most important moments of this ceremony, rich in symbols and highlights, which will be marked by several significant changes compared with the Mass for the inauguration of Pope Francis’ pontificate in 2013. For example, it will not be the cardinals who will pledge obedience to the new pope after the presentation of the pallium and the fisherman’s ring but rather a group of “representatives of the people of God.”

Prayer at the tomb of St. Peter

From the Altar of Confession, located in the center of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican, where Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s baldachin stands, Pope Leo XIV will descend the stairs with the patriarchs of the Eastern Churches to the tomb of St. Peter. There he will pause in prayer for a few minutes.

The Holy Father will place incense in the thurible and incense the “Trophæum Apostolicum,” the venerated monument that marks the tomb of the Apostle Peter, the first pope and the rock upon which Christ built his Church. This ritual emphasizes the pontiff’s connection with the Apostle Peter and his martyrdom.

Solemn procession

The deacons then take the pallium, the fisherman’s ring, and the Book of the Gospels and carry them together in procession. These symbols of the Petrine ministry precede the pope, carried with solemnity, as a visible expression of the service, spiritual authority, and proclamation of the Gospel that the successor of Peter is called to exercise in the universal Church.

The procession heads toward St. Peter’s Square from within the basilica. During this journey, the solemn hymn of “Lauds Regiae” is intoned, a particular form of the Litany of the Saints in which their intercession for the pope’s holiness is requested.

Sign of the cross in Latin

Pope Leo XIV then makes the sign of the cross in Latin: ”In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti. Amen.” This is the traditional way in which the pope begins the Eucharistic celebration during the Mass for the inauguration of his pontificate. The pope then sprinkles the people with holy water.

Gospel will be read in Greek and Latin

One of the most significant moments of the Mass for the inauguration of the pontificate is the proclamation of the Gospel in two languages: Greek and Latin. This expresses the unity of the Church and underscores that the successor of Peter is the pope of both Latin Catholics and Eastern Catholics.

Greek, the language of the Christian East and the New Testament, represents the ancient traditions of the Eastern Churches, while Latin, the language of the Roman rite, evokes the heritage of the Western Church.

By proclaiming the Gospel in both languages, it is evident that Christ’s message is intended for all peoples and that the ministry of the bishop of Rome encompasses the entire universal Church, in communion with its diverse liturgical and spiritual traditions. The Holy Father will then silently bless the Book of the Gospels.

Pallium and ring

During the days leading up to the Mass for the inauguration of his pontificate, Leo XIV has worn his episcopal ring as a cardinal. However, on Sunday he will not wear that ring but receive the fisherman’s ring in the rite of initiation of his Petrine ministry.

This ring, on which his name is engraved, symbolizes his mission as successor of the Apostle Peter. It was formerly used as a seal to authenticate papal documents.

During the same ceremony, the pontiff will also receive the pallium, the liturgical insignia of metropolitan archbishops and, in the case of the pope, a symbol of his universal pastoral authority.

The pallium is a narrow band of white wool draped over the shoulders, with two dangling black ends — one in front and one in back — evoking the shape of the letter Y. It is decorated with six black silk crosses and three pins representing the nails of Christ’s cross. Receiving the pallium recalls Peter’s commission to guide Christ’s flock and his uninterrupted succession to the See of Rome.

Fidelity and obedience

After the proclamation of the Gospel, the celebration of the Mass for the inauguration of the Petrine ministry includes a particularly significant gesture: the act of obedience and fidelity of the universal Church to the new pope.

In 2013, during the Mass for the inauguration of Francis’ pontificate, this gesture was limited to the College of Cardinals. A delegation of cardinals approached the Argentine pontiff to express their reverence, obedience, and ecclesial communion.

However, at the Mass for the inauguration of Leo XIV’s pontificate, it will not be the cardinals who will pledge obedience to the new pope after the presentation of the pallium and the fisherman’s ring but rather a group of ”representatives of the people of God.”

Homily

The pope will then deliver his homily. This will be his first major liturgical address, which can be interpreted as a roadmap for the beginning of his Petrine ministry. The Mass for the inauguration of the pontificate officially marks the beginning of Leo XIV’s service as bishop of Rome and successor to St. Peter.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.