Venerable Augustus Tolton. / Credit: New York Public Library
CNA Staff, Feb 12, 2024 / 08:00 am (CNA).
A Catholic educator from Texas says teaching students about Black Catholic saints and other holy men and women of color “gives not only representation, but new role models for all of our students.”
“Being Catholic is an overarching, cross-racial identity. There is no outgroup in the Catholic Church,” said Kaye Crawford, who founded the site Black Catholic History in 2021.
February is Black History Month, and the Church also celebrates Black Catholic History month every November.
Crawford, who has a master’s degree in theology from the Institute for Black Catholic Studies at Xavier University in Louisiana, hosted a webinar for fellow Catholic educators Feb. 1 titled “What Our Students Don’t Know About Black Catholic History.” She told CNA that in her remarks she emphasized the importance of presenting to students a diverse range of Catholic role models, such as the African Pope Victor I, who is believed to have been the first pope to celebrate the liturgy and write Church documents in Latin rather than Greek.
“The history and the wisdom of Black Catholic theologians is too beautiful to miss,” Crawford said, adding that the faithful examples of Black Catholics can draw people into the Catholic faith, including those of other faiths.
She pointed to the example of Sister Thea Bowman, who was raised Protestant and later converted, leading her parents to embrace the Catholic faith also. Crawford encouraged parents and educators to seek out resources about Black Catholics, suggesting as a resource Father Cyprian Davis’ historical tome “Black Catholics in America.”
“If the lessons in the classroom are overwhelmingly Eurocentric, what does that say to the child of color? And then what does that say to the Anglo child about what Catholic identity looks like?” she asked, adding that Catholics can also assess the sacred art in their homes to consider whether some additional representation would be appropriate.
“It is important for every single student, regardless of complexion or ethnicity, to know this fuller history of our Church … Black Catholics know this history, [but] if their children go to Catholic school and it doesn’t get taught, it’s sort of like my ‘side’ of this universal family isn’t going to get spoken about,” she said.
About 6% of the Black population in the U.S. — approximately 3 million total people — is Catholic, compared with some 66% who are Protestant. Black Catholic communities in the U.S. include not only African-Americans but also African and Caribbean immigrants. They make up about 4% of all Catholic adults. African-American Catholic populations can be found in cities including Washington, D.C.; Baltimore; Philadelphia; Chicago; and numerous cities throughout the South.
While there are already numerous Black canonized saints in the Catholic Church — such as St. Martin de Porres, St. Josephine Bakhita, and St. Augustine — none are African-American, despite communities of Black Catholics existing in the U.S. for centuries.
There are currently a half-dozen African-American candidates for sainthood, however, with perhaps the best-known being Father Augustus Tolton, who was born a slave in Missouri and was the first African-American priest. Others include Venerable Pierre Toussaint, Servant of God Mary Lange, Venerable Henriette DeLille, and Servant of God Julia Greeley.
If you value the news and views Catholic World Report provides, please consider donating to support our efforts. Your contribution will help us continue to make CWR available to all readers worldwide for free, without a subscription. Thank you for your generosity!
Click here for more information on donating to CWR. Click here to sign up for our newsletter.
Sokoto, Nigeria, Feb 15, 2021 / 07:19 pm (CNA).- One year after the burial of Michael Nnadi, an 18-year-old Nigerian seminarian abducted and killed by gunmen, the local bishop has indicated his sorrow at the lack of progress in preventing abductions and murders.
“It is quite tragic that one year later, we are still closer to nowhere we hope to be. The harvest of death has gotten richer, more and more people are dying,’ Bishop Matthew Hassan Kukah of Sokoto said to journalists following a Feb. 12 memorial Mass.
“Things have gotten progressively worse as far as the lives of our ordinary people are concerned,” Bishop Kukah said in Sokoto’s Holy Family Cathedral.
He added, “It is a matter of great concern and great sadness that we haven’t come anywhere close to securing our people and securing our country.”
Nnadi was taken by gunmen from Good Shepherd Seminary in Kaduna around 10:30 pm on Jan. 8, 2020, along with fellow seminarians Pius Kanwai, 19; Peter Umenukor, 23; and Stephen Amos, 23. The four seminarians were at the beginning of their philosophy studies.
All but Nnadi were released by the end of January, but on Feb. 1, 2020 Bishop Kukah announced that Nnadi had been found dead.
Bishop Kukah described Michael’s death as a “message of renewal” for Africa’s most populous country.
“Amid all this trouble, we as Christians have a message of renewal that this is not where God wants our country to be,” Bishop Kukah said.
He added, “We believe in the supremacy of His will and we also believe that amid all these confusion, death, unnecessary blood-shedding, that He has a message for us, and the message is for us to urgently think about building our country.”
“There is a saying in Christianity that the blood of martyrs is the seed of Christianity. Our religion has never triumphed because of patronage or government or because of the amounts of kingdoms that we run,” the bishop said.
In honor of the slain seminarian, the bishop’s residence has been renamed Michael Nnadi House.
The bishops of the Ecclesiastical Province of Kaduna have also approved the construction of a shrine at Good Shepherd Seminary in honor of Nnadi.
“In future,” Bishop Kukah said, “we hope to advance the course for Michael for him to be recognized by the Catholic Church as a martyr.”
According to the bishop, Michael’s course for sainthood should be advanced because “we have never had that kind of experience. That the people who killed him, actually came and testified that they killed Michael because he was preaching to them and telling them that what they were doing was not right.”
Mustapha Mohamed, one of Michael’s killers, said they murdered Nnadi because he “continued to preach the gospel of Christ” to his captors.
This photo of Father Allan Travers was featured in the local newspaper after his pitching “performance” for the Detroit Tigers against the Philadelphia A’s on May 18, 1912. The photo featured the caption “strikebreaker,” which worried Travers’ mother, since there was a street trolley strike in Philadelphia earlier in the month, and she didn’t want her son caught in the confusion. / Photo credit: Public domain
Detroit, Mich., Jul 23, 2023 / 08:00 am (CNA).
The worst pitcher ever to take the mound for the Detroit Tigers became a Catholic priest.
Granted, Allan Travers was already on the path to the priesthood before suiting up for Detroit on May 18, 1912. But his story — and place in baseball history — is the prime example of being in the right place at the right time (or the wrong place at the wrong time).
Travers played in only one game, but one was enough to show that God had plans for him that didn’t involve the big leagues.
The story begins, as most stories of Tigers lore do, with Ty Cobb.
The Tigers were in New York on May 15 to play the Highlanders (the precursor to the Yankees). Cobb was playing in the outfield when he was verbally abused by a New York fan who was using profanity and racial slurs to describe Cobb’s play.
Cobb — never known for keeping his cool — stormed into the stands and unleashed a volley of punches on the fan. Tigers players rushed to the scene of the chaos, yelling at Cobb to lay off the man, who was missing one hand and three fingers on his other hand after suffering an industrial accident.
Cobb didn’t care and continued the barrage.
Ban Johnson, president of the American League, happened to be at the game, checking on the family-friendly excitement of what was turning into America’s pastime.
Having one of the league’s star players beat up a disabled spectator didn’t jibe well with Johnson’s vision for baseball, so Cobb was suspended indefinitely.
The Tigers felt Cobb’s punishment was unfair, so the players voted to strike until Cobb was reinstated for the club’s next game in three days against the two-time defending World Series champion Philadelphia Athletics.
Detroit Tigers legend Ty Cobb is pictured in 1911. Not one to keep his cool, Cobb launched himself into the stands to attack a fan who insulted him in 1912, resulting in a league suspension and sparking his teammates to strike in protest. Credit: Public domain
Johnson called the Tigers’ bluff, informing then Tigers owner Frank Navin the team would face a $5,000 fine for every game Detroit forfeited.
Navin needed to field a team, and quick, so he and Tigers manager Hughie Jennings collaborated with Athletics owner/manager Connie Mack to field a team of players to take the field.
This was well before the age of expansive minor league rosters — or commercial airlines, for that matter — so it wasn’t as though the Tigers could call up the farm team in Toledo and get them to Philadelphia in time to play the A’s. Instead, scouting was done the old-fashioned way, spreading word throughout town, asking who wanted to play baseball.
And this is where Aloysius Joseph “Allan” Travers, the student manager on the St. Joseph’s College baseball team, comes into the story.
Jennings worked with a friend of his, Joe Nolan, a sportswriter for The Philadelphia Bulletin,to field a team. Nolan knew Travers, a junior at St. Joseph’s who lived in Philadelphia, from the time the A’s fielded a second-stringer team to play St. Joseph’s College.
Nolan asked Travers to find 10-12 amateur players in the area who could suit up for the Tigers in case the Tiger players followed through on their strike threats. The idea was that the amateurs would never actually take the field; rather, it was just a tactic to get Jennings’ “real” players on the field.
Father Allan Travers, SJ, was a priest who taught at St. Joseph’s College (now St. Joseph’s University) in Philadelphia. But in 1913, while a student at St. Joseph, he was the improbable pitcher for the Detroit Tigers, where he secured a bizarre spot in baseball history. Credit: Public domain
Travers rounded up eight players who were free that day and enticed by the $25 Navin offered to each player.
Jennings had his team of strike-breakers, as requested by Navin.
When the umpire called “play ball,” the Tiger regulars took the field, but when the umpire spotted Cobb and told him to take a seat, the rest of the team walked out and took off their uniforms.
The strike-breakers would have to play after all. They were ushered into the locker room and donned the Tigers’ gray uniforms (this was in the days before names were on the back of uniforms). Two bench coaches joined the group to offer the squad some big league experience.
The question was, who would pitch?
There were no takers at first, so Navin offered an extra $25. Travers volunteered; $50 was good money for a college kid in 1912. There was one small problem — Travers had never played organized ball.
He was the assistant manager on the college baseball team, tasked with keeping stats and writing game summaries.
But there he was, the college student with plans to join the seminary after graduation, pitching before 20,000 fans at Shibe Park against the two-time defending World Series champions. A modern David versus Goliath, a plucky underdog story.
This time Goliath won.
Travers did as well as one would expect the assistant manager of a college baseball team to do against professionals. He pitched a complete game, surrendering 24 runs on 26 hits (both American League records), walking seven and striking out one. He got an MLB strikeout — they can’t take that away from him.
But the 15.75 ERA leaves a mark. He also batted 0-for-3 at the plate.
Travers’ time in the major leagues was abrupt. After the 24-2 shellacking the A’s put on the strikebreaking Tigers, Cobb persuaded his teammates to end the strike before the team’s upcoming series against the Washington Senators.
Travers’ calling was the priesthood, not pitching.
After graduating from St. Joseph’s College in 1913, he joined the Society of Jesus, studying at St. Andrew on the Hudson in New York and Woodstock College in Maryland. He was ordained a priest in 1926, making him the only priest ever to play in a Major League game.
His ministry took him to teaching positions at St. Francis Xavier High School in Manhattan and St. Joseph’s Prep and St. Joseph’s College in Philadelphia.
Father Travers didn’t speak about his baseball exploits, but he did give an interview about his bizarre start for the Tigers.
“About noon when Nolan told me about the strike of Detroit, he told me the club would be fined and might lose its franchise if 12 players didn’t show up,” Travers told sportswriter Red Smith. “He told me to round up as many fellows as I could. We never thought we’d play a game.”
The replacement Detroit Tigers are pictured in the dugout against the Philadelphia A’s on May 18, 1912. Photo credit: Public domain
The priest said Jennings told him to avoid throwing fastballs to “avoid getting killed out there,” but the A’s didn’t hold back, even resorting to bunting when they found out the third baseman had never played baseball before.
“I fed ‘em nothing but slow stuff after Frank Baker almost hit one out of the park on me, which fortunately went foul,” Travers said. “I was doing fine until they started bunting. The guy playing third base had never played baseball before. I just didn’t get any support. I threw a beautiful slow ball and the A’s were just hitting easy flies. Trouble was, no one could catch them.”
Curious enough, the only “fame” Travers got from his start was his picture in the newspaper with the word “Strikebreaker” printed above. There was a trolley strike in Philadelphia that month, and Travers’ mother was worried for her son’s safety because people might suspect he was a scab.
Travers didn’t like talking about his baseball “career” with his students, and his story is not well known, save for a few baseball history blogs.
He did sign a ball from that fateful day that wound up in the collection of Ada, Michigan, resident Steve Nagengast, who claims to have the largest collection of Tigers autographs. Nagengast was featured in the Detroit News, and the anecdote about Travers piqued Detroit Catholic’s interest.
Travers didn’t have the greatest impact on Tigers history. But the $5,000-per-game fine the Tigers faced for each game the club forfeited would have been devastating, especially in an era when professional teams folded and changed towns all the time.
So who knows.
Father Travers’ one-game career might have just saved the Tigers.
A screenshot from Pope Francis’ May 4 video message to young people attending World Youth Day 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal. / Vatican Media
Rome Newsroom, May 4, 2023 / 07:00 am (CNA).
Pope Francis has sent a video message to the teens and young adults preparing to attend World Youth Day in Lisbon, Portugal, in August.
“I’ll see you in Lisbon,” he said, according to an English translation of the message, delivered in Spanish. The message was published on the Vatican’s YouTube page on May 4, just under three months before the Aug. 1-6 international gathering.
“Dear young people, you are getting ready for World Youth Day,” Pope Francis said. “There are three months to go. I can imagine the things you must have on your mind… how you’re going to: make it happen, request your work or study permit, get what you need for your trip, so many concerns, but always looking towards that horizon, that dream.”
“To participate in WYD is something beautiful,” he said. “Prepare yourselves with that enthusiasm. Put hope in that. Have hope… because one grows a lot at an event like WYD.”
World Youth Day was established by Pope John Paul II in 1985. The weeklong gathering usually attracts hundreds of thousands of young people.
Pope Francis said the Portuguese capital would host the global Catholic gathering of young people at the closing Mass of the last international World Youth Day in Panama City in January 2019.
The event is typically held on a different continent every three years, with the presence of the pope. In 2020, the Vatican announced that World Youth Day would be postponed by one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Lisbon, a city of 505,000 people, is about 75 miles from Fatima, one of the most visited Marian pilgrimage sites in the world. A report on “European Young Adults and Religion,” published in 2018, found that Portugal has one of the highest levels of weekly Mass attendance among young people in Europe.
In his video message, Pope Francis also shared “a secret” to preparing well for World Youth Day.
“To prepare well, it’s good to look towards your roots,” he said, encouraging young people to spend time with the elderly before the gathering.
“Many of you have grandparents. Visit your grandparents and ask them: ‘In your time did World Youth Day exist?’ — Surely not. ‘And what do you think I must do?’ Talk a little with your grandparents. They’ll give you wisdom.”
YES, or course, to Black “role models.” But the incarnate Christ is more than a role model…
So what does it mean to also say that “If the lessons in the classroom are overwhelmingly Eurocentric, what does that say to the child of color?” How about nothing less than a “child of God”?
“Eurocentric,” not only as in a geographic culture of dead white guys, but as also the geography where the harmony of universal Faith and universal Reason was/is articulated. And the geography where the universal Church took root as a culture higher than the northern, pagan, and invading Gothic tribes or the eastern Arabian tribes of fideistic Islam.
The most useful Black witnessing to notice today is the continent of Africa which joyously refuses to suck up to the post-Christian European anti-culture as it even now is annexing (!) the perennial Catholic Church itself, as through der Synodale Weg and Fiducia Supplicans.
So, a larger YES to the Catholic Church of the Berber St. Augustine!
These are Apostolic times once again. And not the time of ephemeral and sometimes effeminate identity politics.
I learned recently that St. Mark is believed by the Coptic Church to have evangelized Egypt around AD 42. So there’s a very long history of Christianity in Africa. And of course, The Holy Family sought refuge there.
Critical race theory has had the effect of White to Black transformation, Whites magnanimously depicting every possible famous person, geographical region as Black or of Black heritage from Carthage and St Augustine, suddenly a dark Berber, to Egypt’s Athanasius and Cyril of Alexandria, Origen as Black men.
Historically the people of Thagaste and Carthage, the area known today as Tunisia were populated by Phoenicians, a seafaring semitic people from the Mideast. Alexandria was established by Alexander the Great. His general Ptolemy established his empire in Egypt. The inhabitants of Alexandria were Macedonian and Greeks. Sorry to disappoint, Cleopatra was Macedonian not Egyptian.
Black history and the recognition of Black accomplishments has real value. Whereas it may be well intended, fawning doesn’t end in good results.
The plausibility that St. Augustine was Berber is based on sources prior to current identity politics, nor is it implied that Berbers were “dark Berbers.” Two sources:
John K. Ryan’s Introduction to “The Confessions of St. Augustine” (Image, 1960):
“The native inhabitants of the region [Thagaste] belonged to a race that was perhaps European in origin. Typically, its members were fair-skinned, with brown or yellow hair, and blue eyes. Called Afri (Africans) by the Romans, or more restrictedly, from geographical and other considerations, Mauri (Moors), Lybians, and Getulains, some of them at least were also called BARBARI [italics], or near barbarians, by the Romans. It is from this fact that their descendants, the modern Berbers of northern Africa, derive their name [….] The weight of the evidence is that Augustine belonged to this native north African stock. However, his family was certainly associated with the Roman ruling class and the Christian community in Thagaste.”
Hugh Pope, O.P. in his Introduction to “St. Augustine of Hippo” (1957/Image 1961):
“Whatever the explanation, the fact remains that the people whom we now term ‘Berber’ consist of both browns and blondes, the latter, with their fair skins, brown hair and blue eyes predominating; thus while the Mauri, Getuli and Numidians are all dark, the Libyans are fair; yet all are comprised under the modern terms ‘Touareg’ and ‘Kabyles,’ or more broadly ‘Berbers.’ There is no need to suppose that by St. Augustine’s time the Phoenicians had been exterminated [….] Some, it is true, hold that the Phoenician element was a negligible one, and that the language spoken of as ‘Punic’ by Sallust and St. Augustine was really Libyan or Berber. But Augustine does not use the term carelessly, and that he himself had more than a nodding acquaintance with Punic is not only antecedently probable but seems borne out by his use of it. Thus he translates a Punic proverb into Latin on the ground that ‘you do not all know Punic'” [followed by several other examples].
“But Augustine does not use the term carelessly, and that he himself had more than a nodding acquaintance with Punic is not only antecedently probable but seems borne out by his use of it. Thus he translates a Punic proverb into Latin on the ground that you do not all know Punic”.
I don’t really care what shade of complexion Cleopatra or St Augustine had and I suppose neither did their contemporaries if it’s not mentioned much.
North Africa has been a melting pot of peoples and civilizations for thousands of years. And Africans are identified by geography, not colour.
Dear mrscracker. If Saint Augustine were discovered to be a Zulu I’d be delighted. The point of my comments is the exaggerated, fawning response to placate critical race theorists.
Thank you so much Father Peter. I understand you and I share the same feelings about that. I dislike the whole critical race nonsense , too.
My ancestry is a little complicated but distant enough that it allows me to hear really awful racist comments from people I wouldn’t expect it from. If I resembled some of my ancestors more closely I’m pretty sure I wouldn’t be hearing those kinds of narratives and stereotypes in conversations. People behave differently depending upon who’s present.So, critical race theory is a racket but there really are folks who are in need of a reboot. The good news is that it’s becoming more of a generational thing. It’s mostly older people who carry on those predudices from the eras they grew up in.
God bless you Mrs. Ironically, my ethnic heritage likely has desert Berber blood running through my veins. Arabia’s Aghlabid sultanate attacked Sicily, my parents homeland, 827 AD. They weren’t able to fully succeed until 965 when the sultanate enlisted Desert Berbers, who are quite dark. During my youth I suffered an anemia blood disorder similar to African sickle cell anemia that’s believed to stem from the 200 year Aghlabid occupation during which Sicily became an emirate. Pope Nicholas II charged the Norman duke Robert de Guiscard to liberate Sicily 1072.
Shouldn’t we care that reverse racism has become a prevalent means of abusing children to adopt a historical narrative of Caucasian antipathy towards all non-Caucasians throughout history?
When you put a color in front of a movement, e.g.Black Lives Matter, White Power, It is you who are the racist.
If we could come up with better terminology & focus on culture rather than colour we’d be making real progress.
YES, or course, to Black “role models.” But the incarnate Christ is more than a role model…
So what does it mean to also say that “If the lessons in the classroom are overwhelmingly Eurocentric, what does that say to the child of color?” How about nothing less than a “child of God”?
“Eurocentric,” not only as in a geographic culture of dead white guys, but as also the geography where the harmony of universal Faith and universal Reason was/is articulated. And the geography where the universal Church took root as a culture higher than the northern, pagan, and invading Gothic tribes or the eastern Arabian tribes of fideistic Islam.
The most useful Black witnessing to notice today is the continent of Africa which joyously refuses to suck up to the post-Christian European anti-culture as it even now is annexing (!) the perennial Catholic Church itself, as through der Synodale Weg and Fiducia Supplicans.
So, a larger YES to the Catholic Church of the Berber St. Augustine!
These are Apostolic times once again. And not the time of ephemeral and sometimes effeminate identity politics.
I learned recently that St. Mark is believed by the Coptic Church to have evangelized Egypt around AD 42. So there’s a very long history of Christianity in Africa. And of course, The Holy Family sought refuge there.
Critical race theory has had the effect of White to Black transformation, Whites magnanimously depicting every possible famous person, geographical region as Black or of Black heritage from Carthage and St Augustine, suddenly a dark Berber, to Egypt’s Athanasius and Cyril of Alexandria, Origen as Black men.
Historically the people of Thagaste and Carthage, the area known today as Tunisia were populated by Phoenicians, a seafaring semitic people from the Mideast. Alexandria was established by Alexander the Great. His general Ptolemy established his empire in Egypt. The inhabitants of Alexandria were Macedonian and Greeks. Sorry to disappoint, Cleopatra was Macedonian not Egyptian.
Black history and the recognition of Black accomplishments has real value. Whereas it may be well intended, fawning doesn’t end in good results.
The plausibility that St. Augustine was Berber is based on sources prior to current identity politics, nor is it implied that Berbers were “dark Berbers.” Two sources:
John K. Ryan’s Introduction to “The Confessions of St. Augustine” (Image, 1960):
“The native inhabitants of the region [Thagaste] belonged to a race that was perhaps European in origin. Typically, its members were fair-skinned, with brown or yellow hair, and blue eyes. Called Afri (Africans) by the Romans, or more restrictedly, from geographical and other considerations, Mauri (Moors), Lybians, and Getulains, some of them at least were also called BARBARI [italics], or near barbarians, by the Romans. It is from this fact that their descendants, the modern Berbers of northern Africa, derive their name [….] The weight of the evidence is that Augustine belonged to this native north African stock. However, his family was certainly associated with the Roman ruling class and the Christian community in Thagaste.”
Hugh Pope, O.P. in his Introduction to “St. Augustine of Hippo” (1957/Image 1961):
“Whatever the explanation, the fact remains that the people whom we now term ‘Berber’ consist of both browns and blondes, the latter, with their fair skins, brown hair and blue eyes predominating; thus while the Mauri, Getuli and Numidians are all dark, the Libyans are fair; yet all are comprised under the modern terms ‘Touareg’ and ‘Kabyles,’ or more broadly ‘Berbers.’ There is no need to suppose that by St. Augustine’s time the Phoenicians had been exterminated [….] Some, it is true, hold that the Phoenician element was a negligible one, and that the language spoken of as ‘Punic’ by Sallust and St. Augustine was really Libyan or Berber. But Augustine does not use the term carelessly, and that he himself had more than a nodding acquaintance with Punic is not only antecedently probable but seems borne out by his use of it. Thus he translates a Punic proverb into Latin on the ground that ‘you do not all know Punic'” [followed by several other examples].
Berber, not a racial term, but North African.
“But Augustine does not use the term carelessly, and that he himself had more than a nodding acquaintance with Punic is not only antecedently probable but seems borne out by his use of it. Thus he translates a Punic proverb into Latin on the ground that you do not all know Punic”.
I don’t really care what shade of complexion Cleopatra or St Augustine had and I suppose neither did their contemporaries if it’s not mentioned much.
North Africa has been a melting pot of peoples and civilizations for thousands of years. And Africans are identified by geography, not colour.
Dear mrscracker. If Saint Augustine were discovered to be a Zulu I’d be delighted. The point of my comments is the exaggerated, fawning response to placate critical race theorists.
Thank you so much Father Peter. I understand you and I share the same feelings about that. I dislike the whole critical race nonsense , too.
My ancestry is a little complicated but distant enough that it allows me to hear really awful racist comments from people I wouldn’t expect it from. If I resembled some of my ancestors more closely I’m pretty sure I wouldn’t be hearing those kinds of narratives and stereotypes in conversations. People behave differently depending upon who’s present.So, critical race theory is a racket but there really are folks who are in need of a reboot. The good news is that it’s becoming more of a generational thing. It’s mostly older people who carry on those predudices from the eras they grew up in.
God bless you Mrs. Ironically, my ethnic heritage likely has desert Berber blood running through my veins. Arabia’s Aghlabid sultanate attacked Sicily, my parents homeland, 827 AD. They weren’t able to fully succeed until 965 when the sultanate enlisted Desert Berbers, who are quite dark. During my youth I suffered an anemia blood disorder similar to African sickle cell anemia that’s believed to stem from the 200 year Aghlabid occupation during which Sicily became an emirate. Pope Nicholas II charged the Norman duke Robert de Guiscard to liberate Sicily 1072.
Shouldn’t we care that reverse racism has become a prevalent means of abusing children to adopt a historical narrative of Caucasian antipathy towards all non-Caucasians throughout history?